midterm #1

Monday, April 27, 2009

Midterm Question #1

MNC's are complex organizations however, they dominate the worldwide market. Knowing the background and nature of MNC's, answer the following:

1. Identify the benefits and disadvantages of MNC's.

ans: the benefits of MNC is to may provide training and education for employees thus creating a higher skilled labour force. These skills may be transferred to other areas of the host country. Often management and entrepreneurial skills learned from MNEs are an important source of human capital

Disadvantages:

• hurt domestic firms by eliminating competition (due to enjoying comparative advantage over local firms)
• worsen the imbalance between rural and urban areas (growing difference between incomes)
• skills of local labour may not improve if it is used to fill only low-skill positions and no training is provided
• political leverage
• environmental costs
• avoid tax by practising transfer pricing

2. Identify one MNC company and describe its operation.

ans: Nike company, . The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets out of Knight's automobile.Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. Their first products were track running shoes. They currently also make shoes, jerseys, shorts, baselayers etc.When Nike proposed expanding their headquarters in that direction, Beaverton at first wanted them to build housing near the MAX light rail station and criss-cross the property with two public roads, expectations defined by the zoning already in place when Nike bought the land. Beaverton's request was mostly consistent with Metro's transit-oriented development plans for the region.Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States.^[22] Most of the factories are located in Asia.The consistently growing textile industry often negatively impacts the environment. Because Nike is a large participant in this manufacturing, many of their processes negatively contribute to the environment.

references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.

3. Describe how the parent control/coordinates with its subsidiaries in other countries or region.

ans:
The degree to which the goals established between the parent and subsidiary location are congruent, thereby increasing the need for coordination between operations.and he degree to which knowledge symmetry exists between the parent organization and subsidiary operation.The degree to which a parent-subsidiary relationship requires goal congruence influences the level of control.n general, the parent company in this stage is guided primarily by a desire to exert control over the subsidiary operation ensuring that the goals of the parent organization take precedence over goals local to the subsidiary (Bartlett & Ghosha 1987).

refences: http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2001/issue2/strategic.html

4. How is IT maximized or used by this MNC?

ans:

The degree of PD in MNC parent countries is positively related to the likelihood of staffing a PCN as a top manager. The proportion of PCN board members increases with a higher degree of PD.Control in organizations is related to concerns about uncertainty. Therefore, in countries where UA is high, ambiguity is not tolerated and MNCs from these countries will desire to have maximum control of their foreign operations in order to minimize uncertainty and risk. Expatriates from MNCs may better meet the demand for organizational control.MNCs indicated that high proportion of employees in all ranks has been exposed to various forms of training whether internal or external to the company as a means of correcting skill deficiencies. he XMG study mentioned that, "In order to minimize paralysis on critical operations and sustain growth, companies must extend their recruitment reach, improve their skill development pathways, enrich retention and provide hot skills training on the existing talents in the organization to avoid high additional cost components associated with these skill areas."

references: google.com/http://isjapeyk.blogspot.com/2009/01/technology-its-effect-to-society-and.html

5. WHat were the weaknesses/problems encountered by this MNC from its environment and global setup?

ans: Globalization reflects the growing interdependence of markets, economies and organizations across national boundaries (Herbert, 2000). In order to succeed in a rapidly evolving global market, it is essential that an organization respond to such changes at the speed of light. When strategically positioning itself within the global marketplace, an organization must consider the significant factors that influence of globalization. Such factors include economic, financial, political, and sociocultural changes which create new market standards for competition, productivity, quality, variety, customization, convenience and timeless.

references: http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/88168.html

Cite your reference

#4

Ethics is relevant regardless of the type of organization and style of management. It is by this ethics that legal and moral laws are established. IT is not at all excluded from this.

Answer then the following.

1. List down the ethics for computer usage.
ans:

• The integrity of the systems must be respected.
  
• Privacy of other users must not be intruded upon at any time.
• Users must recognize that certain data are confidential and must limit their access to such data to uses in direct performance of their duties.
• The rules and regulations governing the use of facilities and equipment must be respected. Persons responsible for computing devices connected to the network will ensure that those devices are maintained in a secure state in accord with related policy.
• No one shall obtain unauthorized access to other users' accounts and files.
• The intended use of all accounts, typically for university research, instruction and administrative purposes, must be respected.
• Users shall become familiar with and abide by the guidelines for appropriate usage for the systems and networks that they access.

refernces:
2. WHat common forms of ethic violations happen in the internet and in the organization?
ans:

• "Everyone else does it."
• "They'll never miss it."
• Nobody will care."
• The boss does it."
• No one will know."
• "I don't have time to do it right."
• "That's close enough."
• "Some rules were meant to be broken."
• "It's not my job."

this ethical violation should be knows so that we could minimize those bad manners that are not really needed in the company even ourselves who trully responsible for anything.all the information mentioned above is really important.

refernce: http://ethics.georgesmay.com/respect.htm

3. How does ethics affect the decision making of mangers?

ans: the decision making of managers is really affect to the nature of the relationship between a small business firm and its customersd. Consequently, it is highly susceptible to the debilitating and potentially disastrous consequences of unethical behavior.it is because if the managers there's something to do his own company which is really giving them a high quality of services to the customers and have good relationship their clients maybe their business must be stay longer.

4. Cite a company which experienced legal or social conflicts because of its violation of ethics. You may check as example the problem of pre-need insurance companies in the Philippines.

ans: CAMPBELL SOUP COMPANY
a. Describe briefly the nature of the problem.

ans: the members of the Chief Financial Officer’s Financial Leadership Team (collectively, the “Senior Financial Officers”) having a problem regarding those related corporate disclosure, conflicts of interest, insider trading, and the protection of confidential information.
b. How was this resolved?
Ans: they could resolved their problem if the senior financial officer must be focus on his career as a leader of their team.but also he must be minimized his conflict of interest of work.

c. Who were affected?
Ans: in the problem of campbell soup company.who were affected on that problem is that those their employees and customers of the company which the senior financial officer has a conflict of interest when his or her personal interests, relationships or activities, or those of a member of his or her immediate family, interfere or conflict, or even appear to interfere or conflict, with Campbell’s interests.

d. What were the damages?
ans: the name of the company ,the employee's who were totally give their best a good employee of the company, and to the customer.
Cite your reference. http://www.campbellsoupcompany.com/governance_code.asp

# 3

Prelims Question 3
A company has basically four (4) levels of organizational hierarchy and each level makes use of unique IT technology and software to address and/or support their works.

Answer then the following:

1. Identify and describe information systems (IS) used in each level.

ANS: Information System (IS) refers to a system of people, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization's manual and automated processes. In a narrow sense, the term information system .the information System may discussed the follwing:

• Identify the various information technologies that are necessary to provide quality customer care-including clinical, financial, and administrative applications
• Describe IT applications and the implementation process in the health care setting
• Identify roles and responsibilities within the Information Technology function

this information system it will use for top level because all the process and the information are intended on it,is refers to the knowlegeable level which is for securing the needs of the company are really important in operational activities..and we can see above all information mentioned are understandable that's why the information technology is use for the top level.

references: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_systems

joe mark

2. How do these IS help the employees and managers achieve their objectives.

Ans: the information system is really helpful to the employees and managers by achieving their goals it is becuase of (the Performance may establish how your business plan will be achieved. Performance objectives also play a major role in defining the end results expected through your staff's hard work and dedication. Performance objectives are a necessity in setting clear goals for employees. They also challenge staff members to achieve maximum results to promote business growth and make continuous improvements to meet the challenges and changing demands of the marketplace. Performance objectives must be clear and guide action.)

references: http://performance-appraisals.org/mybooks/contents/goals-part1.htm

joe mark

3. Cite a local or national company that makes use of these IS and identify the benefits and drawbacks/lapses of these IS.

Ans: management information system company-this company will using of information system it is because of a leading provider of Advanced Networking Solutions, Internet and Data Security, Premium Services and Modern Software Development. We are a client focused organization and our company mission is to provide our clients with solutions that fit their unique business needs. and develops tailor made solutions to fit the needs of Manufacturers, Distribution and Logistics companies, Non-Profit/Government, which really benefits of the company.

reference: http://www.teammis.com/

joe mark

lecture

management question number 2

Prelims Question 2

An organization may adopt a closed-system or open-system model. Answer the following:

1. Discuss the pro's and con's of each model.
ans:

Pros and Cons ( close-system)

The primary advantages of closed herd systems are tighter control of gilt supply and potential reduction in the risk of disease introduction.

Depending on the structure and pig flow of the system, additional advantages in gilt acclimation can be gained.

But advantages of closed systems carry a cost. Specifically, increased management intensity is required, and group weight and growth rate variation may increase due to management of multiple genetic lines together in nurseries and finishers. Gaps in biosecurity at other phases of production may jeopardize the sow farm when gilts return.

The economic determination of whether to close a herd and internalize multiplication must include these less obvious factors:

• Reduction in growth rates and marketability of maternal line barrows;


• Any reduction in market throughput due to devoting space to maternal lines; and


• Added labor and training costs of handling multiple genetic lines on the sow farm.

Pro's & Con's of Open-system.

Advantages

1.) No cost to acquire the software and no licensing fees

2.) Software has been perfected by a community of developers worldwide and usually runs very smoothly and has very few problems.
3.) Since it is a "free" software, money for a project can be devoted to customization and implementation and results in a more complete solution
4.) Open source software are often much easier to customize than commercial software because the source code is readily available and therefore can be adapted to perfectly suit the users needs. The source code is not available when using proprietary software as the code is kept secret for competitive reasons. Therefore such applications have limitations in terms of their flexibility and capacity to be tailored exactly to your needs.
5.) Open source software are constantly being updated and adapted to today's market providing you with a well rounded software
6.) Open source systems are often developed using open tools such as PHP and Perl preventing you from being locked-in with specific vendors or software packages. There is also more support available for open tools.
7.) Many open source software were designed with integration in mind and are therefore usually much easier to integrate with other applications than the typical commercial software.
8.) The extensive community of developers involved in open source software provide online support that cannot be matched by a single company developing a commercial software
Problems that arise with open source software are often rectified very quickly through postings in the online forums where developers worldwide work to resolve the issue. Commercial software companies often take anywhere from 6-12 months to create a patch to resolve or debug any existing problems.

Disadvantages

1.) Open Source Software do not come with the same 'out of the box' deployment as typical commercial applications and therefore the service cost may be higher. However, in most cases, this cost is offset by the fact that Open Source Applications do not have licensing or acquiring fees attached to them. The appropriate solution should be discussed with an experienced consultant prior to making a choice on which path to take.
2.) Most open source software are targeted to small and medium sized businesses and may lack many of the options provided by large corporate commercial software.
3.) Although the online support for open source software is quite large they do not come with your typical guarantee and one-on-one support expected with commercial applications.
4.) Open source software do not come with any sort of manual or documentation on how to use or customize them whereas most commercial applications will provide basic steps on their implementation and tend to be more user friendly. Open source applications were designed by developers for developers and therefore usually require more experienced staff than if you were to use commercial applications.

citereference:http://www.synaxiom.com/website_solutions/open_source_solutions/pros_and_cons_of_open-source.html

2. Cite a company that uses any of this model. Describe briefly how this chosen model affect the entire company.

Ans: ASA Computers Inc(open-system) -has been assisting individuals, companies, and organizations with their computing and networking requirements. Through various iterations of hardware and software flavors, we have been partnering with our clients in keeping their computing environment current in a cost-effective manner.and also The open architecture allows us to configure systems using industry-standard components that help an easy/cost-effective upgrade path and lets us custom-configure systems exactly to our client's needs.

cite reference: http://www.zoominfo.com/search/CompanyQuery.aspx?searchSource=productkw&companyDesc=servers

3. evaluate how an environment affects the organization and its management. Discuss the pro's and con's of not responding to the demands of the environment.

Ans: In the field of business, the organization and its management will affect because it helps a lot in the company.Once an organization knows the results if it is good or not effective which results of unprofitable or not and must better we should know our pro's and cons so that by the time we failure,It is the time that we need to change or stragies how our business will stay longer inspite of many problem

management 7 questions

1.)How do you perceive information as a resource of a company?

ANS. A certain company may perceive such information if we could understand it. and If it is possible in the future that the business will exist or not. and must be knows the outcome what possible effect of it.maybe to gathered such information which is really useful or to help in the business.
(my own understanding)
" The performance of a system obviously depends on the performance of its parts, but an important, if not the most important, aspect of a part's performance is how it interacts with other parts to affect the performance of the whole. How part of a system performs when considered independently of the system of which it is a part is irrelevant to its performance in the system of which it is a part. A part that works well when considered separately may not work well when interacting with other parts of a system; the parts may not fit together well....For these reasons, effective corporate management must focus on the interactions of its parts rather than on their actions taken separately. However, current organizational designs and modes of management focus on the actions of corporate parts rather than their interactions. It is assumed that if each part works well when considered separately, the corporation as a whole will, but this is not true. Supervision and command are the management of actions; coordination and integration are the management of interactions, and this requires leadership."

reference:http://www.org-synergies.com/info-resource.htm

2.) Cite a company, its nature, Describe how the information from its environment improves its management and business as a whole?

Ans. A company may easily to improves its management in the business if it has the cooperation of the members of the company which is focusing on the objectives. As a manager must be perform all the function which is really helpful in the operation.Through acquiring information of others company has a little bit of improvement that we need to apply in our business.so that we can gain more profit. (my own understanding)
In the setting of service standards and client satisfaction measures; developed and implemented a comprehensive departmental change management plan that was supported by on-line interactive training tools; and demonstrated leadership in fostering a culture of respect and integrity. The Management Accountability Framework assessment presents a broad view of Environment Canada's overall management performance and the department is committed to working with the Treasury Board portfolio to continue to identify priorities and implement action plans for management improvement throughout the organization.

Reference: http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&xml=0F9B6E4C- 6311-46E9-82A9-466AC19CE3F6

Joe mark Nuñeza

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